In a Democratic Country like India certain basic and fundamental rights have been granted to every citizen, but in many parts of the world people are still struggling for these rights.
A Constitution contains basic or fundamental laws of the land and establishes Rule of the Law. Indian Constitution was prepared by a representative body, known as the Constituent Assembly.
Constitution is a legal document which determines the structure of the government and direction to which society is to move on. A democratic constitution represents consensus among the people on certain rules, principles, procedures and ideals and guides the social and political institutions.
Anti-Colonial Movement gave rise to a feeling of Nationalism. In 1885 Indian National Congress was founded by A.O. Hume. There were phases of Naram Dal and Garam Dal. The Partition of Bengal in 1905 gave rise to a strong national movement. The Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and finally Quit India Movement resulted in Independence of India and of course its partition.
There was transformation of European Society after the downfall of the Roman Empire, and the birth of a new religion called Islam which led to the founding of a vast empire that originated in West Asia and spread out over a large part of the world.
Exploitation of natural and human resources by British led to rise of Popular Resistance Movements mainly by Peasants, Tribals and Sainiks. The most important Popular Resistance to the British rule during the 19th century was the revolt of 1857. There was a sense of self confidence that gave an impact to National Awakening.
In the first half of 19th century, the Indian society was backward due lack of education and subordination of women. This prevented society’s progress. Many reformers came up during this period who contributed to religious and social awakening helped in transforming the society for betterment.
British Rule had a tremendous effect on Indian society, economy and culture. It also gave rise to a sense of nationhood and a spirit of Nationalism arose which resulted in National Awakening and a feeling of revolt against Britishers.
Division of colonies in Asia and Africa created conditions of war. In the last quarter of the 19th century, Germany became the main competitor of England.
Industrial Revolution brought social and economic changes that transformed the agricultural society to a modern industrial society. The industrialised nations needed raw materials for their industries as well as markets for their finished good. The necessitiated colonization of under developed countries.
There was a very strong dissatisfaction with political leadership and people started demanding more participation in the affairs of the State.
With the decline of feudalism, the restrictions on peasants become a thing of the past simultaneously, the period witnessed the rise of powerful merchant class, which financed discoveries of new lands. These, with other factors, brought about the Industrial revolution which led a sea change throughout the world. This was the begining of the Modern Age.
Human beings emerged about two million years ago. They resembled apes, who lived in caves or on tree tops. Prehistory is the period for which no written records are available. History refers to the period of history for which written records are available.